RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

Know-how has grown to play an more and more essential function in our every day lives, so it’s completely important that we think about the potential dangerous results of display time on each adults and youngsters. There’s a rising concern for kids whose growing brains and social expertise may be affected by [the] overuse of know-how, and but it’s grow to be obvious that tech will stay ingrained in our lives for the foreseeable future. On this podcast, I cowl a number of the ways in which my household makes use of and restricts know-how in our every day lives, some examples of how it may be dangerous and what we are able to do about it, in addition to some ideas for every household to undertake a plan for managing their display time in [a] manner that works finest for them. 

On this episode, we focus on:

• Why we’re speaking about this matter
• Placing a steadiness between placing too many restrictions on our youngsters’ display time and never giving them sufficient restrictions 
• Selecting the very best software program for your loved ones to handle your youngsters’s know-how use
• The significance of being conscious of the potential damaging impacts of know-how use
• Different know-how to provide your youngsters apart from the favored smartphone or pill
• Determining how a lot display time is the correct quantity on your little one
• When to have a sit-down dialogue together with your little one to speak about accountable know-how use and display time steadiness

Present notes:

• OurPact app for managing tech time
• Display Time app for managing display time
• The Social Dilemma documentary 
• RHR: Reclaiming Your Self within the Trendy World with Cal Newport
• Gabb Wi-fi telephones and watches 

RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

Intro

Chris Kresser: Hey, all people, Chris Kresser right here. Welcome to a different episode of Revolution Well being Radio. This week, I’m going to do a solo present on a subject that we’ve obtained fairly a number of questions on over the previous six or seven months. I’ve spoken through the years and extra not too long ago concerning the dangerous impacts of extra display time for each youngsters and adults. And I’ve talked a good quantity concerning the steps that we as adults can take to cut back display time. However a number of listeners have written in to ask for concepts on tips on how to restrict display use in youngsters, given how ubiquitous these applied sciences have grow to be of their lives. And this has been much more true in the course of the pandemic when many youngsters have been remoted and stored at house and screens have been their major interfaces with their lecturers, mates, and lives usually.

I’m going to share some concepts and instruments that we’ve discovered to be useful in our household. And there are a few caveats right here. The primary is that that is positively a piece in progress. It’s been a wrestle for us. We discovered some issues which were efficient [and] some issues that haven’t been efficient. And I feel it’s value mentioning that we’re merchandise of our surroundings, and we’re formed by our surroundings, and we’re influenced and affected by our surroundings. And we are able to’t make remoted adjustments in that atmosphere and count on these adjustments to not be impacted by the circumstances or situations of that atmosphere. That’s a quite long-winded manner of claiming that if we discover ourselves in a tradition the place these applied sciences are dominant and play an more and more vital function in social interactions between youngsters and leisure actions and the best way that youngsters be taught, and nearly all the things else, it’s going to be tough for us to handle that on a person stage. These are systemic issues, and, actually, there are steps that we are able to take individually and as households to mitigate the influence of these applied sciences. However on the finish of the day, we’re nonetheless topic to the affect of the atmosphere that we dwell in. And I feel that’s one of the crucial tough elements of this for folks.

It’s one thing I talked with Cal Newport a bit bit on the present that I did with him on this broader matter of know-how in our lives. He additionally makes [the] level that, in his expertise, purely particular person steps which are taken to cut back display time for adults, which is what he largely talks about, are sometimes not that efficient as a result of they ignore the significance of this context that we’re discussing right here. In order that’s the primary caveat. The second caveat in what I’m going to share with you is that we as a household are fairly restrictive in terms of these items. Plenty of what we do may appear draconian or unrealistic to you, relying in your explicit scenario. If there’s a spectrum the place on one finish is not any boundaries in any respect, and simply giving youngsters one hundred pc management over their very own use of know-how, after which on the opposite finish of the spectrum resides in a cave, in a distant space the place there’s completely no publicity to applied sciences for teenagers, I’d say we’re actually not within the cave. However we’re in all probability nearer to that finish of the spectrum than we’re to the opposite finish of the spectrum the place there’s no limitation or boundaries in any respect.

And I’m not saying that our manner is the one manner, after all, and even the precise manner. Each household has to seek out what works for them, given their particular circumstances, and there will likely be a variety of variables that decide that. One could be simply every explicit little one’s relationship with know-how and the way prone they’re to display habit or extra display use interfering with different actions. The reality is that’s not the identical for each child. I feel all youngsters are prone to some extent, identical to all adults are prone, due to our primary hardwired organic human programming. However inside that susceptibility, there may be positively a spread. There are children who’re very prone to this and, sadly, these youngsters can grow to be those [who] cope with precise habit and will find yourself in rehab for online game habit or display habit of some type. And it might probably actually destroy their lives and their household’s lives.

Placing a Stability Between Too Many Restrictions and Not Sufficient

On the opposite finish of the spectrum, you will have youngsters [who] are mildly prone in the best way that each one human beings are prone, however it doesn’t actually intervene with their lives. It doesn’t get in the best way of their regular human relationships; it doesn’t get in the best way of their bodily exercise, spending time open air, and all the opposite stuff that’s essential for teenagers to be doing. In order that’s one variable. One other variable will likely be their social contacts and mates. One of many issues that’s hardest for us, and that I hear from so many various households, is limiting entry to those applied sciences, in lots of circumstances, limits their participation within the social actions that their mates are engaged in. For example, I had a dialogue a number of months again with a dad or mum of a 16-year-old woman, and her 16-year-old woman was devastated as a result of she felt like she had misplaced her finest good friend as a result of her finest good friend had joined Instagram and was interacting rather a lot with different mates on Instagram. And this explicit dad or mum of this 16-year-old didn’t need her daughter to be on Instagram and didn’t enable it. So she didn’t have a telephone that had Instagram on it. And, over a comparatively quick interval of only a few weeks, this dad or mum felt, or the daughter principally felt like she was shut out from her relationship together with her finest good friend as a result of her good friend needed her to be on Instagram, liking her posts, and interacting together with her like different mates had been.

So this can be a actual concern and [has] an actual influence on youngsters’ lives. And I feel we have to have a variety of compassion and understanding for the place that they’re in. As a result of that’s a extremely tough circumstance to be in when you really feel like your finest good friend is utilizing these applied sciences and eager to work together with them, and also you’re not in a position to as a 16-year-old, that’s actually tough. All human beings wish to be included. That’s one other primary human trait. And as everyone knows, since we’ve all been youngsters ourselves, that impulse is very sturdy and essential in the course of the teenage years. And I’d say much less in even tween years, as effectively. So, being excluded from a context the place most of your mates are taking part and interacting is not any small factor. And it’s positively one thing that we have to think about as we take into consideration what the very best response is as mother and father.

That’s a framework for the way I give it some thought. And once more, that is for me, for us, for a lot of of our mates, and my sufferers and other people [who] I talked to about this; it’s a shifting goal. It’s one thing that must be reevaluated nearly continuously. I [don’t] assume it needs to be the sort of factor the place you give you a coverage and simply implement it and overlook about it. It’s way more dynamic than that, and the situations are sometimes altering. So I’m going to provide you some concepts and ideas and share a number of the applied sciences, mockingly, that we use to restrict know-how entry. And the ultimate caveat will likely be this can be a residing, respiratory set of rules and pointers, and I’ll positively revisit it sooner or later as issues proceed to evolve for us.

The primary precept is pretty easy, however I’m stunned by how usually it appears to be ignored, which is for folks to be answerable for your youngsters’ entry to screens and know-how. I imagine that unrestricted, limitless display entry, particularly when that display is linked to the web, and there are not any boundaries on what apps may be put in, is a recipe for catastrophe. I feel we’ve got loads of analysis to assist this. We all know that that’s even true for adults. Many people wrestle to restrict our personal use of those applied sciences, and even these of us who perceive what the downsides are nonetheless wrestle. After which whenever you give youngsters and youngsters that sort of unrestricted entry, primary, they might first not have the identical concepts concerning the harms that may come from these applied sciences. So they aren’t essentially even beginning with the belief that they need to restrict them. And quantity two, they’ve the unbelievable social pull that I simply talked about to be utilizing them. And quantity three, their willpower and different useful resource[s], inside sources for limiting their entry, controlling their very own conduct are sometimes far much less developed than these sorts of sources may be in adults.

For all these causes, I feel that giving youngsters unrestricted entry is a large mistake, and it’s actually setting them up and setting you up for failure and a variety of issues down the road. So the primary precept is to be answerable for entry, and there are other ways to do that. One, after all, is to not give your youngsters their very own gadgets within the first place, like telephones or tablets, and solely enable them to make use of yours at sure instances and for sure durations that you simply designate. Now, this has some downsides, after all, particularly as youngsters become old. It’s a must to be very a lot concerned and in management, and there may be a variety of energy struggles round that. You additionally could not need your youngsters [on] your gadgets and probably opening [and] studying your emails or textual content messages or issues like that. So I feel that this explicit technique can work for very younger youngsters. [However], I’d additionally argue that very younger youngsters shouldn’t actually have a lot display entry in any respect, significantly unsupervised display entry. However when youngsters become old, in lots of circumstances, it’s going to make extra sense for them to have their very own machine, no matter that could be. However to make use of, once more, right here’s the irony, know-how, significantly software program, to manage and restrict their entry to these gadgets.

Software program to Management Gadget Entry

Let me give a particular instance in our household. Our daughter is 10 [years old] on the time of this recording, 10 and a half; she doesn’t have her personal telephone but, though she would very very similar to to have one. And he or she seemingly received’t have her personal telephone till she’s 15 or 16. Once more, this places us within the absolute minority. Some would name us Neo-Luddites, however it’s a alternative we’ve made based mostly on consideration of most of the variables that I discussed earlier within the recording. She does have her personal iPad, and we use an app referred to as OurPact that permits us to set limits on the general period of time that she will be able to spend on the machine. And in addition what apps can be utilized, whether or not she will be able to obtain new apps herself; she can not. Whether or not she will be able to do in-app purchases, she can not. And a number of other different variables. So it’s a reasonably highly effective app. It’s not good; I’ve some quibbles with it. However I’ve checked out and used nearly all the same apps, and I maintain coming again to utilizing OurPact for this function. So you may set it up. For instance, let’s say you wish to give your youngsters a half-hour [or] an hour of display entry a day or two hours of display entry a day. You are able to do that. You may even have completely different limits on the weekends versus in the course of the week. You too can block out sure hours. So let’s say you don’t need them accessing the iPad within the morning after they’re preparing for college, and perhaps you wish to set blackout hours at evening, so like after 8: 00 p.m., there’s no entry till the next day after faculty at 3: 00 p.m., or no matter you’re going to do.

It’s very simple to try this with OurPact. After which from there, you may configure what apps they’ve entry to. And that may even be finished for particular instances a day. So you may determine, for instance, to have solely sure apps out there within the morning, or on the weekend, or after faculty or what have you ever. So, [it’s a] fairly particular set of controls. There [are] additionally now built-in controls in iOS and doubtless Android. I’m not an Android consumer, so I don’t know a lot about it. However I assume at this level that they’ve an identical operate. In iOS, that is referred to as Display Time. And you should use this for your self to manage or restrict your individual display time; you can too use it on your youngsters. And we use each. It’s a bit sophisticated, [and] I’m not even certain I can clarify it right here. However there are options which are out there in Display Time that aren’t out there in OurPact and vice versa. So we ended up cobbling collectively an answer the place we use each, and it really works fairly effectively. It was a variety of trial and error for us, and there are tons and plenty of variables, which is, once more, why I can’t actually clarify it intimately right here. However Display Time, for instance, permits us to restrict whole teams of apps. And I’ve discovered that in some circumstances, the time-limiting issue works a bit bit higher than it does with OurPact.

One essential factor to notice is that for both of those apps to work effectively, the gadgets should be linked to the web as a result of that’s the way it calls again to the dad or mum machine. So with OurPact, you’ll have it put in on the kid’s machine, and then you definitely’ll have an app in your machine. And you may management all of the entry settings out of your machine and from the kid’s machine; that’s the way it calls again to the web, I feel, to implement the bounds. And if it’s not linked to the web, then there’s no restrict, and this can be a draw back of the app, and I’ve written [to] them about it. However it appears to be a limitation in the way it’s programmed. And this will come up, like let’s say you’re on an extended drive, and also you solely need your child to have the ability to watch a film for a pair [of] hours, and then you definitely need them to do one thing else for the rest of the drive. Except that iPad has a mobile connection that permits it to be linked whilst you’re driving, then that restrict is not going to [be enforced], principally. Your child will be capable of proceed utilizing the iPad till you get again to someplace the place there’s an web connection. In order that’s one thing to pay attention to. [A] workaround is getting a mobile connection for that machine, and I feel Display Time does a greater job of that. It looks as if generally the restrict will nonetheless be enforced, even when there’s not an web connection. However to be sincere, I haven’t been in a position to absolutely determine that out but. It looks as if generally it really works, and generally it doesn’t. However between each of those instruments, you may have a variety of fine-grained management over what your youngsters are accessing and for the way lengthy.

Consciousness of Gadget Actions with Potential Destructive Affect

The second precept is to manage your youngsters’ entry to the web and sure apps. Not all on-line actions are equal in terms of their potential damaging influence on youngsters. Streaming music, for instance, or taking pictures or organizing pictures are far completely different when it comes to how they have an effect on youngsters than utilizing Instagram or TikTok. Plenty of the research we’ve seen and work from individuals like Jonathan Haidt and even Fb’s personal analysis has proven that there are uniquely dangerous results of social media like Instagram and TikTok that significantly influence tween and teenage ladies as a result of they plug into the sturdy want for belonging that I discussed earlier. And children can begin to manage their lives round getting likes for what they publish, and in the event that they don’t get likes, it deeply impacts their shallowness. And that’s a lot worse and so completely different than taking footage, listening to music, and even texting. In order that’s the very first thing to pay attention to. We’re not speaking about common restriction to all applied sciences in the identical manner. It is smart to limit entry to these applied sciences, which current the best menace and might trigger the best hurt.

So once more, apps like OurPact that I simply talked about after which Display Time, which is constructed into iOS, can each present entry to and restrict entry to sure apps. And I feel it’s a extremely good thought to make use of these instruments because of this. Alongside the identical traces, OurPact and Display Time can even block your little one from buying and downloading new apps from the App Retailer, which you positively wish to do. As a result of in any other case, your youngsters [are] simply going to work round this beautiful rapidly. Most youngsters are savvy with know-how, and in the event that they’re in a position to get on there and obtain no matter apps they need and use these apps or do in-app purchases, then no matter efforts you’ve [made] to forestall that from occurring will likely be moot.

Alternate options to In style Smartphones

An alternative choice for controlling entry to the web and sure apps is to purchase one thing like a Gabb telephone or a Gabb watch. This can be a firm that has created telephones and watches which are particularly designed for teenagers. These gadgets restrict the variety of contacts {that a} child may have. So, for instance, with the Gabb watch, they will solely have 10 contacts; they will’t add new contacts. So that’s safer. It prevents a variety of stuff from occurring that you simply won’t wish to occur. There’s additionally a mode on the Gabb watch the place the one factor that the kid can do is to name an emergency quantity that you simply designate, which might be your individual quantity [or] your associate’s quantity. And when it’s in that mode, it capabilities principally as a watch and it’s an emergency machine. And you may set hours for utilization. So let’s say you don’t need your child utilizing the watch in the course of the day whereas they’re in school. You may set it in order that they will solely have the total use of it from like 3: 00 p.m. to eight: 00 p.m. or one thing on daily basis. After which, the telephone has extra performance than the watch. It’s obtained music; it’s obtained extra contacts. They will ship textual content messages, [and] they will make calls. However they can’t set up Instagram and different social media apps on the telephone. It’s simply not potential to try this with the Gabb telephone. So this has grow to be a reasonably in style possibility for lots of fogeys.

And the watch can be a well-liked possibility for youthful youngsters. Whereas within the case the place you don’t essentially need your little one having full entry to a telephone but, however you do need them to have the ability to make calls, which you are able to do with the Gabb watch to the ten contacts which are preloaded that the mother and father can load, and to have the ability to ship easy emoji-based textual content messages or pre-configured messages. So you will have a set of pre-configured messages that you would be able to decide and write and cargo into the watch. So that they might be like “I’m on my manner house” or “are you able to come choose me up” or one thing like that. After which the child can simply select from these pre-configured messages. After which the child can even document a voice memo or voice message that will likely be despatched to you as a textual content message, however it should present up as an audio recording. So I feel that’s a extremely nice starter possibility.

We’re once more, on the time of this recording, contemplating that for our 10-year-old. We’re not prepared for a telephone, even a Gabb telephone for her. However we’re contemplating a watch, and there’s a variety of controls and I feel [it] gives a number of the profit[s] of with the ability to take part in social interplay. A few of her mates have already got telephones. Actually, a variety of them have watches or issues like that, and she or he desires to have the ability to name them or talk with them. And after I assume again alone childhood and my spouse, we each speak about this. By the point we had been 10 or 11, we had been utilizing our landlines to name mates. And we had been in a position to talk with them in that manner. Most individuals now don’t have landlines, and that’s actually not an possibility. So if we wish our youngsters to have the ability to name their mates and talk with them in that manner, then one thing like a Gabb watch, which allows that however doesn’t enable most of the extra dangerous elements of know-how for youthful youngsters, like entry to social media, that could be a extremely good compromise for lots of various mother and father and youngsters.

How A lot Time Ought to You Permit Your Child to Interact with the Display?

The final precept or query is simply merely how a lot time do you have to enable your child to be engaged with the display? This can be a very private alternative. And, after all, it will depend on all of the variables that we talked about earlier than. And when you ask 10 consultants, psychologists, and individuals who examine this and write about it and speak about it rather a lot, you’re going to get 10 completely different solutions. So there’s nothing common right here. And once more, I feel it relies upon rather a lot on the children’ temperament. The analysis is fairly clear that younger youngsters underneath the age of two ought to not likely have any display time in any respect. So all this Child Mozart stuff, and generally after I exit to a restaurant, and I see a household with a one-year-old, propped up on a excessive chair with a telephone on their little tray in entrance of them, I cringe as a result of there’s a variety of proof that means that that’s not helpful and is dangerous for the neurodevelopment, mind improvement of children that age.

As youngsters begin to become old, the vary of potential display time that consultants recommend will get broader and broader once more, relying on who you take heed to. In our case, we actually need our daughter to be spending as a lot time interacting with the true bodily world as potential, which suggests being exterior, staying lively, [and] enjoying with mates in particular person. After which issues like studying books, making artwork, [and] enjoying music. We really feel that these sorts of actions are finest for her mind improvement, for her social improvement, [and] for her improvement as a human being. We wish her to have an expertise of life that’s primarily unmediated by know-how. We wish her to have time for reverie and contemplation. We wish her to really feel bored as a result of as I’ve simply talked about earlier than and written about earlier than, boredom is definitely a precondition for creativity and innovation. Having the ability to tolerate these moments the place you don’t know what to do, you’re not engaged in a specific exercise, and also you begin to really feel that sensation that we check with as boredom, a number of the richest and most unpredictable experiences can come out of that.

And one of many issues that considerations me most about these applied sciences that we’ve got entry to, for adults and youngsters, is that if we wish to, we are able to fully keep away from that have. These experiences of boredom, these quiet moments the place we’d simply gaze out the window, and we go into that default mode community the place we’re unconsciously reviewing our lives and our experiences, and that’s producing new concepts and new views. I feel that sort of time is totally important to being human, and I’m involved that there are whole generations now which are being raised with these applied sciences, which may basically fully obliterate that point. So let’s say you’re in line on the retailer, and also you could be in a scenario the place you’d have these sorts of moments, however you may simply whip out your telephone and see what’s new. Equally, when you’re driving in a automotive, like many people did after we had been youngsters simply looking the window, at this level, so many youngsters are simply watching a video or on their telephone within the automotive. Actually anytime there’s any feeling of discomfort or simply area at multi function’s life, we are able to have a look at our telephone. And I feel that the harms of this are usually not even absolutely understood but and received’t be for a while. However I’m fairly alarmed by it. And I see it in each adults and youngsters.

I used to be simply at a restaurant the opposite day, and there was a household, and your entire household was on their telephones for your entire time. And there have been moments the place somebody would put their telephone down after which type of go searching, see that different individuals had been on their telephones, and choose it up once more. There have been moments the place you may see somebody going by [an] inside, or at the very least I used to be projecting that they had been going by an inside course of the place they’re like, “Okay, I in all probability shouldn’t be utilizing my telephone as a lot.” So that they put the telephone down. However then, a pair [of] moments go, some discomfort arises, [and] they choose up the telephone once more. And I don’t imply to guage or to name this explicit household out as a result of all of us wrestle with this, together with me. However it’s an indicator for me of the place we’re at on this planet that we’re residing in. And I feel that if we had been, let’s say, to move ourselves from 30 or 40 years in the past, previous to the appearance of those applied sciences, and journey into the long run, after which simply be a passive observer standing in that restaurant what’s occurring, we’d have been horrified and shocked. It will have been like a foul sci-fi film, the place we see that that’s the character of human interplay now, and even simply [our] relationship with ourselves is totally interfered with by these applied sciences.

And I really feel like we’ve been the proverbial frogs within the boiling water, the place these adjustments have taken place rapidly however not in a single day. I don’t assume we’re even absolutely conscious of how dramatically they’ve interfered with our lives. And when you consider that thought experiment the place you go from 30 or 40 years in the past, these of us who had been sufficiently old to recollect what life was like earlier than these applied sciences, and also you quick ahead rapidly, it might be a stunning change. So we positively fall on the tip of the spectrum of limiting entry to those applied sciences and wanting our daughter to have vital durations of time the place she’s not interacting with them in any respect. And that’s true on a day-to-day foundation. However it’s additionally true on a extra prolonged timeframe. I’ve talked about this rather a lot earlier than, however we do digital, full screen-free instances as a household. We’ve been worse on this within the pandemic, however previous to that, Sundays had been sacred screen-free days for everyone. After which we’d do extra prolonged durations; in the summertime, we’ll usually do a multi-day rafting journey or a backcountry journey the place we’re simply in nature, and we’re not interacting with telephones or screens in any respect.

And I can inform you that even when our daughter was youthful than she is now, on the finish of these journeys, she would categorical that she didn’t wish to depart these environments. So even at a younger age, [she] was in a position to expertise how completely different life feels whenever you’re in that sort of important important relationship to the bodily world, to nature, to different individuals. And he or she would say issues like, “Poppa, I don’t wish to depart the river,” which is a reasonably highly effective expression of our personal innate information of what’s good for us. And I feel it’s actually essential to carve out screen-free instances every day, extra prolonged durations on a weekly or month-to-month foundation, after which, longer chunks of time perhaps on an annual or semiannual foundation, the place your youngsters and you aren’t experiencing life mediated by a display as a result of it has grow to be such a dominant expertise for many of us.

All proper, so these are my present ideas. I hope this has been useful. And once more, I wish to emphasize how this can be a residing respiratory course of. We’ve modified and proceed to vary our strategy. For instance, proper now, we’re not likely doing a lot display time in any respect every day for our daughter. We’ve a household film evening on Saturday nights, and she or he’s obtained perhaps a half-hour, an hour on one or two different days in the course of the week, relying on the week. However we’ve had different instances the place she had an hour a day, and will watch a film or do another stuff. However we’re simply continuously monitoring it, seeing the way it’s working for her, for our household after which making adjustments accordingly. So I’d positively invite you to do the identical; it does require extra thought course of, extra dialogue. It turns into a bigger matter of dialog. However I feel it’s actually essential to try this.

When to Talk about Accountable Use of Tech with Your Children

The second factor about that that I’d recommend is together with your little one, as soon as they’re sufficiently old, in these conversations. We’ve talked rather a lot with our daughter concerning the impacts of those applied sciences. She’s even watched The Social Dilemma; she was a bit younger for it when she noticed it, however we actually needed her to see it. I’ve talked to her about my work and research about know-how and display habit. She’s very effectively conscious of all of that stuff. And that doesn’t imply that she nonetheless doesn’t wish to use these applied sciences. In fact, that’s not going to vary her wishes. All that stuff is working on an mental stage; she understands it on an mental stage, however her wishes and impulses for these applied sciences are coming from a decrease a part of the mind and a part of very deep human wishes to work together with different individuals socially and be a part of one thing, and so on. So don’t count on to clarify these items to your youngsters after which have them impulsively change their conduct. That doesn’t work for many adults, so we are able to’t count on it to work for teenagers.

Nonetheless, I feel it is very important embody them within the dialog. And I feel you’ll discover that whenever you do this, you’ll hear your youngsters in numerous contexts mentioning, perhaps to different individuals and even to you, issues that you simply’ve shared with them previously, and that’s an indicator that they’re taking it in in some kind or capability. All proper. That’s it for at present, everybody. Thanks for listening. Please maintain sending in your inquiries to ChrisKresser.com/podcastquestion, and we’ll speak to you subsequent time.

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