RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

Expertise has grown to play an more and more necessary function in our each day lives, so it’s completely important that we contemplate the doable dangerous results of display screen time on each adults and kids. There’s a rising concern for youngsters whose growing brains and social expertise could be affected by [the] overuse of expertise, and but it’s turn into obvious that tech will stay ingrained in our lives for the foreseeable future. On this podcast, I cowl a few of the ways in which my household makes use of and restricts expertise in our each day lives, some examples of how it may be dangerous and what we are able to do about it, in addition to some strategies for every household to undertake a plan for managing their display screen time in [a] means that works finest for them. 

On this episode, we talk about:

• Why we’re speaking about this subject
• Hanging a steadiness between placing too many restrictions on our youngsters’ display screen time and never giving them sufficient restrictions 
• Selecting one of the best software program for your loved ones to handle your kids’s expertise use
• The significance of being conscious of the potential detrimental impacts of expertise use
• Different expertise to provide your kids apart from the favored smartphone or pill
• Determining how a lot display screen time is the correct quantity to your youngster
• When to have a sit-down dialogue together with your youngster to speak about accountable expertise use and display screen time steadiness

Present notes:

• OurPact app for managing tech time
• Display Time app for managing display screen time
• The Social Dilemma documentary 
• RHR: Reclaiming Your Self within the Trendy World with Cal Newport
• Gabb Wi-fi telephones and watches 

RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

Intro

Chris Kresser: Hey, everyone, Chris Kresser right here. Welcome to a different episode of Revolution Well being Radio. This week, I’m going to do a solo present on a subject that we’ve acquired fairly a number of questions on over the previous six or seven months. I’ve spoken over time and extra just lately in regards to the dangerous impacts of extra display screen time for each children and adults. And I’ve talked a good quantity in regards to the steps that we as adults can take to cut back display screen time. However a number of listeners have written in to ask for concepts on find out how to restrict display screen use in children, given how ubiquitous these applied sciences have turn into of their lives. And this has been much more true through the pandemic when many children have been remoted and stored at house and screens have been their main interfaces with their lecturers, pals, and lives on the whole.

I’m going to share some concepts and instruments that we’ve discovered to be useful in our household. And there are a few caveats right here. The primary is that that is undoubtedly a piece in progress. It’s been a battle for us. We discovered some issues which have been efficient [and] some issues that haven’t been efficient. And I believe it’s price mentioning that we’re merchandise of the environment, and we’re formed by the environment, and we’re influenced and affected by the environment. And we are able to’t make remoted modifications in that surroundings and count on these modifications to not be impacted by the circumstances or situations of that surroundings. That’s a fairly long-winded means of claiming that if we discover ourselves in a tradition the place these applied sciences are dominant and play an more and more important function in social interactions between kids and leisure actions and the way in which that youngsters be taught, and nearly all the pieces else, it’s going to be troublesome for us to deal with that on a person degree. These are systemic issues, and, actually, there are steps that we are able to take individually and as households to mitigate the impression of these applied sciences. However on the finish of the day, we’re nonetheless topic to the affect of the surroundings that we stay in. And I believe that’s one of the troublesome elements of this for fogeys.

It’s one thing I talked with Cal Newport a bit of bit on the present that I did with him on this broader subject of expertise in our lives. He additionally makes [the] level that, in his expertise, purely particular person steps which can be taken to cut back display screen time for adults, which is what he largely talks about, are sometimes not that efficient as a result of they ignore the significance of this context that we’re discussing right here. In order that’s the primary caveat. The second caveat in what I’m going to share with you is that we as a household are fairly restrictive with regards to these items. Plenty of what we do may appear draconian or unrealistic to you, relying in your specific state of affairs. If there’s a spectrum the place on one finish isn’t any boundaries in any respect, and simply giving children 100% management over their very own use of expertise, after which on the opposite finish of the spectrum resides in a cave, in a distant space the place there’s completely no publicity to applied sciences for teenagers, I’d say we’re actually not within the cave. However we’re most likely nearer to that finish of the spectrum than we’re to the opposite finish of the spectrum the place there’s no limitation or boundaries in any respect.

And I’m not saying that our means is the one means, in fact, and even the fitting means. Each household has to seek out what works for them, given their particular circumstances, and there will probably be plenty of variables that decide that. One is perhaps simply every specific youngster’s relationship with expertise and the way inclined they’re to display screen dependancy or extra display screen use interfering with different actions. The reality is that’s not the identical for each child. I believe all children are inclined to some extent, identical to all adults are inclined, due to our fundamental hardwired organic human programming. However inside that susceptibility, there’s undoubtedly a variety. There are children who’re very inclined to this and, sadly, these children can turn into those [who] cope with precise dependancy and should find yourself in rehab for online game dependancy or display screen dependancy of some type. And it might actually destroy their lives and their household’s lives.

Hanging a Steadiness Between Too Many Restrictions and Not Sufficient

On the opposite finish of the spectrum, you have got children [who] are mildly inclined in the way in which that every one human beings are inclined, but it surely doesn’t actually intrude with their lives. It doesn’t get in the way in which of their regular human relationships; it doesn’t get in the way in which of their bodily exercise, spending time outside, and all the opposite stuff that’s necessary for teenagers to be doing. In order that’s one variable. One other variable will probably be their social contacts and pals. One of many issues that’s hardest for us, and that I hear from so many alternative households, is limiting entry to those applied sciences, in lots of circumstances, limits their participation within the social actions that their pals are engaged in. For instance, I had a dialogue a number of months again with a father or mother of a 16-year-old woman, and her 16-year-old woman was devastated as a result of she felt like she had misplaced her finest buddy as a result of her finest buddy had joined Instagram and was interacting rather a lot with different pals on Instagram. And this specific father or mother of this 16-year-old didn’t need her daughter to be on Instagram and didn’t permit it. So she didn’t have a telephone that had Instagram on it. And, over a comparatively quick interval of just some weeks, this father or mother felt, or the daughter principally felt like she was shut out from her relationship together with her finest buddy as a result of her buddy needed her to be on Instagram, liking her posts, and interacting together with her like different pals have been.

So this can be a actual concern and [has] an actual impression on children’ lives. And I believe we have to have plenty of compassion and understanding for the place that they’re in. As a result of that’s a very troublesome circumstance to be in in the event you really feel like your finest buddy is utilizing these applied sciences and desirous to work together with them, and also you’re not capable of as a 16-year-old, that’s actually troublesome. All human beings need to be included. That’s one other fundamental human trait. And as everyone knows, since we’ve all been youngsters ourselves, that impulse is very robust and necessary through the teenage years. And I’d say much less in even tween years, as properly. So, being excluded from a context the place most of your mates are taking part and interacting isn’t any small factor. And it’s undoubtedly one thing that we have to contemplate as we take into consideration what one of the best response is as dad and mom.

That’s a framework for the way I give it some thought. And once more, that is for me, for us, for a lot of of our pals, and my sufferers and other people [who] I talked to about this; it’s a transferring goal. It’s one thing that must be reevaluated virtually consistently. I [don’t] assume it needs to be the type of factor the place you give you a coverage and simply implement it and overlook about it. It’s rather more dynamic than that, and the situations are sometimes altering. So I’m going to provide you some concepts and suggestions and share a few of the applied sciences, mockingly, that we use to restrict expertise entry. And the ultimate caveat will probably be this can be a dwelling, respiratory set of rules and pointers, and I’ll undoubtedly revisit it sooner or later as issues proceed to evolve for us.

The primary precept is pretty easy, however I’m stunned by how usually it appears to be ignored, which is for fogeys to be in command of your children’ entry to screens and expertise. I imagine that unrestricted, limitless display screen entry, particularly when that display screen is related to the web, and there are not any boundaries on what apps could be put in, is a recipe for catastrophe. I believe now we have loads of analysis to assist this. We all know that that’s even true for adults. Many people battle to restrict our personal use of those applied sciences, and even these of us who perceive what the downsides are nonetheless battle. After which once you give children and youngsters that type of unrestricted entry, primary, they might first not have the identical concepts in regards to the harms that may come from these applied sciences. So they aren’t essentially even beginning with the idea that they need to restrict them. And quantity two, they’ve the unbelievable social pull that I simply talked about to be utilizing them. And quantity three, their willpower and different useful resource[s], inner assets for limiting their entry, controlling their very own habits are sometimes far much less developed than these sorts of assets could be in adults.

For all these causes, I believe that giving children unrestricted entry is a big mistake, and it’s actually setting them up and setting you up for failure and plenty of issues down the road. So the primary precept is to be in command of entry, and there are other ways to do that. One, in fact, is to not give your children their very own gadgets within the first place, like telephones or tablets, and solely permit them to make use of yours at sure instances and for sure intervals that you simply designate. Now, this has some downsides, in fact, particularly as children become older. You must be very a lot concerned and in management, and there could be plenty of energy struggles round that. You additionally might not need your children [on] your gadgets and doubtlessly opening [and] studying your emails or textual content messages or issues like that. So I believe that this specific technique can work for very younger children. [However], I’d additionally argue that very younger children shouldn’t actually have a lot display screen entry in any respect, significantly unsupervised display screen entry. However when children become older, in lots of circumstances, it’s going to make extra sense for them to have their very own gadget, no matter that is perhaps. However to make use of, once more, right here’s the irony, expertise, significantly software program, to manage and restrict their entry to these gadgets.

Software program to Management Gadget Entry

Let me give a selected instance in our household. Our daughter is 10 [years old] on the time of this recording, 10 and a half; she doesn’t have her personal telephone but, though she would very very like to have one. And she or he seemingly received’t have her personal telephone till she’s 15 or 16. Once more, this places us within the absolute minority. Some would name us Neo-Luddites, but it surely’s a selection we’ve made primarily based on consideration of lots of the variables that I discussed earlier within the recording. She does have her personal iPad, and we use an app known as OurPact that permits us to set limits on the general period of time that she will be able to spend on the gadget. And in addition what apps can be utilized, whether or not she will be able to obtain new apps herself; she can’t. Whether or not she will be able to do in-app purchases, she can’t. And a number of other different variables. So it’s a reasonably highly effective app. It’s not good; I’ve some quibbles with it. However I’ve checked out and used just about all the same apps, and I preserve coming again to utilizing OurPact for this objective. So you’ll be able to set it up. For instance, let’s say you need to give your children a half-hour [or] an hour of display screen entry a day or two hours of display screen entry a day. You are able to do that. You might even have totally different limits on the weekends versus through the week. You may as well block out sure hours. So let’s say you don’t need them accessing the iPad within the morning after they’re preparing for college, and possibly you need to set blackout hours at evening, so like after 8: 00 p.m., there’s no entry till the next day after college at 3: 00 p.m., or no matter you’re going to do.

It’s very straightforward to try this with OurPact. After which from there, you’ll be able to configure what apps they’ve entry to. And that may even be completed for particular instances a day. So you might resolve, for instance, to have solely sure apps out there within the morning, or on the weekend, or after college or what have you ever. So, [it’s a] fairly particular set of controls. There [are] additionally now built-in controls in iOS and possibly Android. I’m not an Android person, so I don’t know a lot about it. However I assume at this level that they’ve an analogous operate. In iOS, that is known as Display Time. And you should use this for your self to manage or restrict your individual display screen time; you too can use it to your children. And we use each. It’s a bit of sophisticated, [and] I’m not even certain I can clarify it right here. However there are options which can be out there in Display Time that aren’t out there in OurPact and vice versa. So we ended up cobbling collectively an answer the place we use each, and it really works fairly properly. It was plenty of trial and error for us, and there are tons and many variables, which is, once more, why I can’t actually clarify it intimately right here. However Display Time, for instance, permits us to restrict complete teams of apps. And I’ve discovered that in some circumstances, the time-limiting issue works a bit of bit higher than it does with OurPact.

One necessary factor to notice is that for both of those apps to work properly, the gadgets should be related to the web as a result of that’s the way it calls again to the father or mother gadget. So with OurPact, you’ll have it put in on the kid’s gadget, and you then’ll have an app in your gadget. And you may management all of the entry settings out of your gadget and from the kid’s gadget; that’s the way it calls again to the web, I believe, to implement the bounds. And if it’s not related to the web, then there’s no restrict, and this can be a draw back of the app, and I’ve written [to] them about it. However it appears to be a limitation in the way it’s programmed. And this may come up, like let’s say you’re on a protracted drive, and also you solely need your child to have the ability to watch a film for a pair [of] hours, and you then need them to do one thing else for the rest of the drive. Until that iPad has a mobile connection that permits it to be related when you’re driving, then that restrict won’t [be enforced], principally. Your child will have the ability to proceed utilizing the iPad till you get again to someplace the place there’s an web connection. In order that’s one thing to pay attention to. [A] workaround is getting a mobile connection for that gadget, and I believe Display Time does a greater job of that. It looks as if generally the restrict will nonetheless be enforced, even when there’s not an web connection. However to be trustworthy, I haven’t been capable of absolutely determine that out but. It looks as if generally it really works, and generally it doesn’t. However between each of those instruments, you’ll be able to have plenty of fine-grained management over what your children are accessing and for the way lengthy.

Consciousness of Gadget Actions with Potential Detrimental Influence

The second precept is to manage your children’ entry to the web and sure apps. Not all on-line actions are equal with regards to their potential detrimental impression on children. Streaming music, for instance, or taking photographs or organizing photographs are far totally different by way of how they have an effect on children than utilizing Instagram or TikTok. Plenty of the research we’ve seen and work from folks like Jonathan Haidt and even Fb’s personal analysis has proven that there are uniquely dangerous results of social media like Instagram and TikTok that significantly impression tween and teenage ladies as a result of they plug into the robust want for belonging that I discussed earlier. And children can begin to set up their lives round getting likes for what they submit, and in the event that they don’t get likes, it deeply impacts their shallowness. And that’s a lot worse and so totally different than taking photos, listening to music, and even texting. In order that’s the very first thing to pay attention to. We’re not speaking about common restriction to all applied sciences in the identical means. It is smart to limit entry to these applied sciences, which current the best menace and may trigger the best hurt.

So once more, apps like OurPact that I simply talked about after which Display Time, which is constructed into iOS, can each present entry to and restrict entry to sure apps. And I believe it’s a very good concept to make use of these instruments because of this. Alongside the identical traces, OurPact and Display Time may block your youngster from buying and downloading new apps from the App Retailer, which you undoubtedly need to do. As a result of in any other case, your children [are] simply going to work round this gorgeous shortly. Most youngsters are savvy with expertise, and in the event that they’re capable of get on there and obtain no matter apps they need and use these apps or do in-app purchases, then no matter efforts you’ve [made] to stop that from occurring will probably be moot.

Alternate options to Widespread Smartphones

An alternative choice for controlling entry to the web and sure apps is to purchase one thing like a Gabb telephone or a Gabb watch. It is a firm that has created telephones and watches which can be particularly designed for teenagers. These gadgets restrict the variety of contacts {that a} child may have. So, for instance, with the Gabb watch, they will solely have 10 contacts; they will’t add new contacts. So that’s safer. It prevents plenty of stuff from occurring that you simply won’t need to occur. There’s additionally a mode on the Gabb watch the place the one factor that the kid can do is to name an emergency quantity that you simply designate, which might be your individual quantity [or] your accomplice’s quantity. And when it’s in that mode, it features principally as a watch and it’s an emergency gadget. And you may set hours for utilization. So let’s say you don’t need your child utilizing the watch through the day whereas they’re at college. You might set it in order that they will solely have the complete use of it from like 3: 00 p.m. to eight: 00 p.m. or one thing on daily basis. After which, the telephone has extra performance than the watch. It’s received music; it’s received extra contacts. They’ll ship textual content messages, [and] they will make calls. However they can’t set up Instagram and different social media apps on the telephone. It’s simply not doable to try this with the Gabb telephone. So this has turn into a reasonably well-liked possibility for lots of fogeys.

And the watch can be a well-liked possibility for youthful children. Whereas within the case the place you don’t essentially need your youngster having full entry to a telephone but, however you do need them to have the ability to make calls, which you are able to do with the Gabb watch to the ten contacts which can be preloaded that the dad and mom can load, and to have the ability to ship easy emoji-based textual content messages or pre-configured messages. So you have got a set of pre-configured messages which you could decide and write and cargo into the watch. So that they might be like “I’m on my means house” or “are you able to come decide me up” or one thing like that. After which the child can simply select from these pre-configured messages. After which the child may document a voice memo or voice message that will probably be despatched to you as a textual content message, however it should present up as an audio recording. So I believe that’s a very nice starter possibility.

We’re once more, on the time of this recording, contemplating that for our 10-year-old. We’re not prepared for a telephone, even a Gabb telephone for her. However we’re contemplating a watch, and there’s plenty of controls and I believe [it] gives a few of the profit[s] of having the ability to take part in social interplay. A few of her pals have already got telephones. Actually, plenty of them have watches or issues like that, and he or she desires to have the ability to name them or talk with them. And after I assume again alone childhood and my spouse, we each speak about this. By the point we have been 10 or 11, we have been utilizing our landlines to name pals. And we have been capable of talk with them in that means. Most individuals now don’t have landlines, and that’s actually not an possibility. So if we would like our youngsters to have the ability to name their pals and talk with them in that means, then one thing like a Gabb watch, which allows that however doesn’t permit lots of the extra dangerous elements of expertise for youthful children, like entry to social media, which may be a very good compromise for lots of various dad and mom and youngsters.

How A lot Time Ought to You Enable Your Child to Have interaction with the Display?

The final precept or query is simply merely how a lot time do you have to permit your child to be engaged with the display screen? It is a very private selection. And, in fact, it is determined by all of the variables that we talked about earlier than. And in the event you ask 10 consultants, psychologists, and individuals who examine this and write about it and speak about it rather a lot, you’re going to get 10 totally different solutions. So there’s nothing common right here. And once more, I believe it relies upon rather a lot on the youngsters’ temperament. The analysis is fairly clear that younger children below the age of two ought to probably not have any display screen time in any respect. So all this Child Mozart stuff, and generally after I exit to a restaurant, and I see a household with a one-year-old, propped up on a excessive chair with a telephone on their little tray in entrance of them, I cringe as a result of there’s plenty of proof that means that that’s not helpful and is dangerous for the neurodevelopment, mind improvement of youngsters that age.

As children begin to become older, the vary of potential display screen time that consultants recommend will get broader and broader once more, relying on who you take heed to. In our case, we actually need our daughter to be spending as a lot time interacting with the actual bodily world as doable, which implies being exterior, staying lively, [and] taking part in with pals in individual. After which issues like studying books, making artwork, [and] taking part in music. We really feel that these sorts of actions are finest for her mind improvement, for her social improvement, [and] for her improvement as a human being. We wish her to have an expertise of life that’s primarily unmediated by expertise. We wish her to have time for reverie and contemplation. We wish her to really feel bored as a result of as I’ve simply talked about earlier than and written about earlier than, boredom is definitely a precondition for creativity and innovation. With the ability to tolerate these moments the place you don’t know what to do, you’re not engaged in a selected exercise, and also you begin to really feel that sensation that we seek advice from as boredom, a few of the richest and most unpredictable experiences can come out of that.

And one of many issues that issues me most about these applied sciences that now we have entry to, for adults and youngsters, is that if we need to, we are able to utterly keep away from that have. These experiences of boredom, these quiet moments the place we’d simply gaze out the window, and we go into that default mode community the place we’re unconsciously reviewing our lives and our experiences, and that’s producing new concepts and new views. I believe that type of time is totally important to being human, and I’m involved that there are complete generations now which can be being raised with these applied sciences, which might basically utterly obliterate that point. So let’s say you’re in line on the retailer, and also you is perhaps in a state of affairs the place you’d have these sorts of moments, however you’ll be able to simply whip out your telephone and see what’s new. Equally, in the event you’re driving in a automotive, like many people did after we have been children simply looking the window, at this level, so many children are simply watching a video or on their telephone within the automotive. Actually anytime there’s any feeling of discomfort or simply area at multi functional’s life, we are able to have a look at our telephone. And I believe that the harms of this are usually not even absolutely understood but and received’t be for a while. However I’m fairly alarmed by it. And I see it in each adults and youngsters.

I used to be simply at a restaurant the opposite day, and there was a household, and all the household was on their telephones for all the time. And there have been moments the place somebody would put their telephone down after which form of go searching, see that different folks have been on their telephones, and decide it up once more. There have been moments the place you might see somebody going by means of [an] inner, or at the very least I used to be projecting that they have been going by means of an inner course of the place they’re like, “Okay, I most likely shouldn’t be utilizing my telephone as a lot.” So that they put the telephone down. However then, a pair [of] moments cross, some discomfort arises, [and] they decide up the telephone once more. And I don’t imply to evaluate or to name this specific household out as a result of all of us battle with this, together with me. However it’s an indicator for me of the place we’re at on the earth that we’re dwelling in. And I believe that if we have been, let’s say, to move ourselves from 30 or 40 years in the past, previous to the appearance of those applied sciences, and journey into the longer term, after which simply be a passive observer standing in that restaurant taking a look at what’s occurring, we’d have been horrified and shocked. It could have been like a nasty sci-fi film, the place we see that that’s the character of human interplay now, and even simply [our] relationship with ourselves is totally interfered with by these applied sciences.

And I really feel like we’ve been the proverbial frogs within the boiling water, the place these modifications have taken place shortly however not in a single day. I don’t assume we’re even absolutely conscious of how dramatically they’ve interfered with our lives. And in the event you consider that thought experiment the place you go from 30 or 40 years in the past, these of us who have been sufficiently old to recollect what life was like earlier than these applied sciences, and also you quick ahead shortly, it might be a stunning change. So we undoubtedly fall on the top of the spectrum of limiting entry to those applied sciences and wanting our daughter to have important intervals of time the place she’s not interacting with them in any respect. And that’s true on a day-to-day foundation. However it’s additionally true on a extra prolonged timeframe. I’ve talked about this rather a lot earlier than, however we do digital, full screen-free instances as a household. We’ve been worse on this within the pandemic, however previous to that, Sundays have been sacred screen-free days for everyone. After which we’d do extra prolonged intervals; in the summertime, we’ll usually do a multi-day rafting journey or a backcountry journey the place we’re simply in nature, and we’re not interacting with telephones or screens in any respect.

And I can inform you that even when our daughter was youthful than she is now, on the finish of these journeys, she would specific that she didn’t need to depart these environments. So even at a younger age, [she] was capable of expertise how totally different life feels once you’re in that type of very important important relationship to the bodily world, to nature, to different folks. And she or he would say issues like, “Poppa, I don’t need to depart the river,” which is a reasonably highly effective expression of our personal innate information of what’s good for us. And I believe it’s actually necessary to carve out screen-free instances each day, extra prolonged intervals on a weekly or month-to-month foundation, after which, longer chunks of time possibly on an annual or semiannual foundation, the place your children and you aren’t experiencing life mediated by a display screen as a result of it has turn into such a dominant expertise for many of us.

All proper, so these are my present ideas. I hope this has been useful. And once more, I need to emphasize how this can be a dwelling respiratory course of. We’ve modified and proceed to alter our strategy. For instance, proper now, we’re probably not doing a lot display screen time in any respect each day for our daughter. We now have a household film evening on Saturday nights, and he or she’s received possibly a half-hour, an hour on one or two different days through the week, relying on the week. However we’ve had different instances the place she had an hour a day, and will watch a film or do another stuff. However we’re simply consistently monitoring it, seeing the way it’s working for her, for our household after which making modifications accordingly. So I’d undoubtedly invite you to do the identical; it does require extra thought course of, extra dialogue. It turns into a bigger subject of dialog. However I believe it’s actually necessary to try this.

When to Focus on Accountable Use of Tech with Your Children

The second factor about that that I’d recommend is together with your youngster, as soon as they’re sufficiently old, in these conversations. We’ve talked rather a lot with our daughter in regards to the impacts of those applied sciences. She’s even watched The Social Dilemma; she was a bit younger for it when she noticed it, however we actually needed her to see it. I’ve talked to her about my work and research about expertise and display screen dependancy. She’s very properly conscious of all of that stuff. And that doesn’t imply that she nonetheless doesn’t need to use these applied sciences. In fact, that’s not going to alter her needs. All that stuff is working on an mental degree; she understands it on an mental degree, however her needs and impulses for these applied sciences are coming from a decrease a part of the mind and a part of very deep human needs to work together with different folks socially and be a part of one thing, and many others. So don’t count on to clarify these items to your children after which have them unexpectedly change their habits. That doesn’t work for many adults, so we are able to’t count on it to work for teenagers.

However, I believe you will need to embrace them within the dialog. And I believe you’ll discover that once you try this, you’ll hear your children in numerous contexts mentioning, possibly to different folks and even to you, issues that you simply’ve shared with them up to now, and that’s an indicator that they’re taking it in in some type or capability. All proper. That’s it for as we speak, everybody. Thanks for listening. Please preserve sending in your inquiries to ChrisKresser.com/podcastquestion, and we’ll speak to you subsequent time.

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