RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

Expertise has grown to play an more and more necessary position in our each day lives, so it’s completely important that we think about the potential dangerous results of display screen time on each adults and youngsters. There’s a rising concern for youngsters whose creating brains and social abilities may be affected by [the] overuse of know-how, and but it’s change into obvious that tech will stay ingrained in our lives for the foreseeable future. On this podcast, I cowl a number of the ways in which my household makes use of and restricts know-how in our each day lives, some examples of how it may be dangerous and what we are able to do about it, in addition to some recommendations for every household to undertake a plan for managing their display screen time in [a] manner that works greatest for them. 

On this episode, we focus on:

  • Why we’re speaking about this matter
  • Hanging a stability between placing too many restrictions on our youngsters’ display screen time and never giving them sufficient restrictions 
  • Selecting the most effective software program for your loved ones to handle your kids’s know-how use
  • The significance of being conscious of the potential damaging impacts of know-how use
  • Various know-how to offer your kids apart from the favored smartphone or pill
  • Determining how a lot display screen time is the correct amount on your youngster
  • When to have a sit-down dialogue together with your youngster to speak about accountable know-how use and display screen time stability

Present notes:

  • OurPact app for managing tech time
  • Display Time app for managing display screen time
  • The Social Dilemma documentary 
  • RHR: Reclaiming Your Self within the Fashionable World with Cal Newport
  • Gabb Wi-fi telephones and watches 

RHR: Managing Display Time for Children

Intro

Chris Kresser: Hey, all people, Chris Kresser right here. Welcome to a different episode of Revolution Well being Radio. This week, I’m going to do a solo present on a subject that we’ve acquired fairly a couple of questions on over the previous six or seven months. I’ve spoken through the years and extra lately concerning the dangerous impacts of extra display screen time for each children and adults. And I’ve talked a good quantity concerning the steps that we as adults can take to scale back display screen time. However a couple of listeners have written in to ask for concepts on easy methods to restrict display screen use in children, given how ubiquitous these applied sciences have change into of their lives. And this has been much more true in the course of the pandemic when many children have been remoted and saved at residence and screens have been their main interfaces with their lecturers, associates, and lives basically.

I’m going to share some concepts and instruments that we’ve discovered to be useful in our household. And there are a few caveats right here. The primary is that that is positively a piece in progress. It’s been a battle for us. We discovered some issues which have been efficient [and] some issues that haven’t been efficient. And I feel it’s value stating that we’re merchandise of our surroundings, and we’re formed by our surroundings, and we’re influenced and affected by our surroundings. And we are able to’t make remoted modifications in that setting and anticipate these modifications to not be impacted by the circumstances or situations of that setting. That’s a fairly long-winded manner of claiming that if we discover ourselves in a tradition the place these applied sciences are dominant and play an more and more vital position in social interactions between kids and leisure actions and the best way that children be taught, and nearly every thing else, it’s going to be troublesome for us to deal with that on a person degree. These are systemic issues, and, actually, there are steps that we are able to take individually and as households to mitigate the influence of these applied sciences. However on the finish of the day, we’re nonetheless topic to the affect of the setting that we reside in. And I feel that’s one of the vital troublesome elements of this for fogeys.

It’s one thing I talked with Cal Newport a bit of bit on the present that I did with him on this broader matter of know-how in our lives. He additionally makes [the] level that, in his expertise, purely particular person steps which are taken to scale back display screen time for adults, which is what he principally talks about, are sometimes not that efficient as a result of they ignore the significance of this context that we’re discussing right here. In order that’s the primary caveat. The second caveat in what I’m going to share with you is that we as a household are fairly restrictive in the case of these things. Quite a lot of what we do may appear draconian or unrealistic to you, relying in your specific state of affairs. If there’s a spectrum the place on one finish is not any boundaries in any respect, and simply giving children 100% management over their very own use of know-how, after which on the opposite finish of the spectrum resides in a cave, in a distant space the place there’s completely no publicity to applied sciences for teenagers, I’d say we’re actually not within the cave. However we’re most likely nearer to that finish of the spectrum than we’re to the opposite finish of the spectrum the place there’s no limitation or boundaries in any respect.

And I’m not saying that our manner is the one manner, after all, and even the suitable manner. Each household has to seek out what works for them, given their particular circumstances, and there shall be a variety of variables that decide that. One is likely to be simply every specific youngster’s relationship with know-how and the way prone they’re to display screen dependancy or extra display screen use interfering with different actions. The reality is that’s not the identical for each child. I feel all children are prone to some extent, similar to all adults are prone, due to our primary hardwired organic human programming. However inside that susceptibility, there’s positively a spread. There are children who’re very prone to this and, sadly, these children can change into those [who] take care of precise dependancy and should find yourself in rehab for online game dependancy or display screen dependancy of some type. And it could actually destroy their lives and their household’s lives.

Hanging a Steadiness Between Too Many Restrictions and Not Sufficient

On the opposite finish of the spectrum, you might have children [who] are mildly prone in the best way that every one human beings are prone, but it surely doesn’t actually intrude with their lives. It doesn’t get in the best way of their regular human relationships; it doesn’t get in the best way of their bodily exercise, spending time outdoor, and all the opposite stuff that’s necessary for teenagers to be doing. In order that’s one variable. One other variable shall be their social contacts and associates. One of many issues that’s hardest for us, and that I hear from so many alternative households, is limiting entry to those applied sciences, in lots of circumstances, limits their participation within the social actions that their associates are engaged in. For instance, I had a dialogue a number of months again with a dad or mum of a 16-year-old lady, and her 16-year-old lady was devastated as a result of she felt like she had misplaced her greatest pal as a result of her greatest pal had joined Instagram and was interacting quite a bit with different associates on Instagram. And this specific dad or mum of this 16-year-old didn’t need her daughter to be on Instagram and didn’t enable it. So she didn’t have a cellphone that had Instagram on it. And, over a comparatively brief interval of just some weeks, this dad or mum felt, or the daughter mainly felt like she was shut out from her relationship along with her greatest pal as a result of her pal needed her to be on Instagram, liking her posts, and interacting along with her like different associates have been.

So this can be a actual concern and [has] an actual influence on children’ lives. And I feel we have to have a variety of compassion and understanding for the place that they’re in. As a result of that’s a extremely troublesome circumstance to be in in the event you really feel like your greatest pal is utilizing these applied sciences and eager to work together with them, and also you’re not capable of as a 16-year-old, that’s actually troublesome. All human beings wish to be included. That’s one other primary human trait. And as everyone knows, since we’ve all been youngsters ourselves, that impulse is particularly sturdy and necessary in the course of the teenage years. And I might say much less in even tween years, as effectively. So, being excluded from a context the place most of your pals are collaborating and interacting is not any small factor. And it’s positively one thing that we have to think about as we take into consideration what the most effective response is as dad and mom.

That’s a framework for the way I give it some thought. And once more, that is for me, for us, for a lot of of our associates, and my sufferers and folks [who] I talked to about this; it’s a transferring goal. It’s one thing that must be reevaluated nearly continuously. I [don’t] suppose it ought to be the sort of factor the place you provide you with a coverage and simply implement it and neglect about it. It’s rather more dynamic than that, and the situations are sometimes altering. So I’m going to offer you some concepts and suggestions and share a number of the applied sciences, satirically, that we use to restrict know-how entry. And the ultimate caveat shall be this can be a residing, respiration set of ideas and tips, and I’ll positively revisit it sooner or later as issues proceed to evolve for us.

The primary precept is pretty easy, however I’m stunned by how usually it appears to be ignored, which is for fogeys to be accountable for your children’ entry to screens and know-how. I imagine that unrestricted, limitless display screen entry, particularly when that display screen is related to the web, and there are not any boundaries on what apps may be put in, is a recipe for catastrophe. I feel we now have loads of analysis to help this. We all know that that’s even true for adults. Many people battle to restrict our personal use of those applied sciences, and even these of us who perceive what the downsides are nonetheless battle. After which once you give children and youngsters that sort of unrestricted entry, primary, they might first not have the identical concepts concerning the harms that may come from these applied sciences. So they aren’t essentially even beginning with the idea that they need to restrict them. And quantity two, they’ve the unbelievable social pull that I simply talked about to be utilizing them. And quantity three, their willpower and different useful resource[s], inner assets for limiting their entry, controlling their very own habits are sometimes far much less developed than these sorts of assets may be in adults.

For all these causes, I feel that giving children unrestricted entry is a large mistake, and it’s actually setting them up and setting you up for failure and a variety of issues down the road. So the primary precept is to be accountable for entry, and there are alternative ways to do that. One, after all, is to not give your children their very own gadgets within the first place, like telephones or tablets, and solely enable them to make use of yours at sure occasions and for sure durations that you just designate. Now, this has some downsides, after all, particularly as children become old. It’s important to be very a lot concerned and in management, and there may be a variety of energy struggles round that. You additionally might not need your children [on] your gadgets and probably opening [and] studying your emails or textual content messages or issues like that. So I feel that this specific technique can work for very younger children. [However], I might additionally argue that very younger children shouldn’t actually have a lot display screen entry in any respect, notably unsupervised display screen entry. However when children become old, in lots of circumstances, it’s going to make extra sense for them to have their very own system, no matter that is likely to be. However to make use of, once more, right here’s the irony, know-how, notably software program, to regulate and restrict their entry to these gadgets.

Software program to Management Machine Entry

Let me give a particular instance in our household. Our daughter is 10 [years old] on the time of this recording, 10 and a half; she doesn’t have her personal cellphone but, though she would very very similar to to have one. And she or he seemingly received’t have her personal cellphone till she’s 15 or 16. Once more, this places us within the absolute minority. Some would name us Neo-Luddites, but it surely’s a alternative we’ve made primarily based on consideration of most of the variables that I discussed earlier within the recording. She does have her personal iPad, and we use an app referred to as OurPact that permits us to set limits on the general period of time that she will spend on the system. And in addition what apps can be utilized, whether or not she will obtain new apps herself; she can’t. Whether or not she will do in-app purchases, she can’t. And a number of other different variables. So it’s a fairly highly effective app. It’s not good; I’ve some quibbles with it. However I’ve checked out and used nearly all the same apps, and I hold coming again to utilizing OurPact for this objective. So you’ll be able to set it up. For instance, let’s say you wish to give your children a half-hour [or] an hour of display screen entry a day or two hours of display screen entry a day. You are able to do that. You might even have totally different limits on the weekends versus in the course of the week. You can even block out sure hours. So let’s say you don’t need them accessing the iPad within the morning after they’re preparing for college, and perhaps you wish to set blackout hours at night time, so like after 8: 00 p.m., there’s no entry till the next day after college at 3: 00 p.m., or no matter you’re going to do.

It’s very straightforward to try this with OurPact. After which from there, you’ll be able to configure what apps they’ve entry to. And that may even be accomplished for particular occasions a day. So you can resolve, for instance, to have solely sure apps out there within the morning, or on the weekend, or after college or what have you ever. So, [it’s a] fairly particular set of controls. There [are] additionally now built-in controls in iOS and doubtless Android. I’m not an Android person, so I don’t know a lot about it. However I assume at this level that they’ve an analogous perform. In iOS, that is referred to as Display Time. And you should use this for your self to regulate or restrict your personal display screen time; you too can use it on your children. And we use each. It’s a bit of sophisticated, [and] I’m not even certain I can clarify it right here. However there are options which are out there in Display Time that aren’t out there in OurPact and vice versa. So we ended up cobbling collectively an answer the place we use each, and it really works fairly effectively. It was a variety of trial and error for us, and there are tons and plenty of variables, which is, once more, why I can’t actually clarify it intimately right here. However Display Time, for instance, permits us to restrict whole teams of apps. And I’ve discovered that in some circumstances, the time-limiting issue works a bit of bit higher than it does with OurPact.

One necessary factor to notice is that for both of those apps to work effectively, the gadgets have to be related to the web as a result of that’s the way it calls again to the dad or mum system. So with OurPact, you’ll have it put in on the kid’s system, and you then’ll have an app in your system. And you’ll management all of the entry settings out of your system and from the kid’s system; that’s the way it calls again to the web, I feel, to implement the boundaries. And if it’s not related to the web, then there’s no restrict, and this can be a draw back of the app, and I’ve written [to] them about it. But it surely appears to be a limitation in the way it’s programmed. And this will come up, like let’s say you’re on an extended drive, and also you solely need your child to have the ability to watch a film for a pair [of] hours, and you then need them to do one thing else for the rest of the drive. Except that iPad has a mobile connection that permits it to be related whilst you’re driving, then that restrict won’t [be enforced], mainly. Your child will be capable of proceed utilizing the iPad till you get again to someplace the place there’s an web connection. In order that’s one thing to pay attention to. [A] workaround is getting a mobile connection for that system, and I feel Display Time does a greater job of that. It looks as if generally the restrict will nonetheless be enforced, even when there’s not an web connection. However to be trustworthy, I haven’t been capable of absolutely determine that out but. It looks as if generally it really works, and generally it doesn’t. However between each of those instruments, you’ll be able to have a variety of fine-grained management over what your children are accessing and for the way lengthy.

Consciousness of Machine Actions with Potential Adverse Affect

The second precept is to regulate your children’ entry to the web and sure apps. Not all on-line actions are equal in the case of their potential damaging influence on children. Streaming music, for instance, or taking images or organizing images are far totally different by way of how they have an effect on children than utilizing Instagram or TikTok. Quite a lot of the research we’ve seen and work from folks like Jonathan Haidt and even Fb’s personal analysis has proven that there are uniquely dangerous results of social media like Instagram and TikTok that notably influence tween and teenage ladies as a result of they plug into the sturdy want for belonging that I discussed earlier. And youngsters can begin to arrange their lives round getting likes for what they put up, and in the event that they don’t get likes, it deeply impacts their shallowness. And that’s a lot worse and so totally different than taking photos, listening to music, and even texting. In order that’s the very first thing to pay attention to. We’re not speaking about common restriction to all applied sciences in the identical manner. It is smart to limit entry to these applied sciences, which current the best risk and might trigger the best hurt.

So once more, apps like OurPact that I simply talked about after which Display Time, which is constructed into iOS, can each present entry to and restrict entry to sure apps. And I feel it’s a extremely good thought to make use of these instruments because of this. Alongside the identical strains, OurPact and Display Time can even block your youngster from buying and downloading new apps from the App Retailer, which you positively wish to do. As a result of in any other case, your children [are] simply going to work round this gorgeous shortly. Most children are savvy with know-how, and in the event that they’re capable of get on there and obtain no matter apps they need and use these apps or do in-app purchases, then no matter efforts you’ve [made] to stop that from occurring shall be moot.

Options to In style Smartphones

An alternative choice for controlling entry to the web and sure apps is to purchase one thing like a Gabb cellphone or a Gabb watch. It is a firm that has created telephones and watches which are particularly designed for teenagers. These gadgets restrict the variety of contacts {that a} child might have. So, for instance, with the Gabb watch, they will solely have 10 contacts; they will’t add new contacts. So that’s safer. It prevents a variety of stuff from occurring that you just won’t wish to occur. There’s additionally a mode on the Gabb watch the place the one factor that the kid can do is to name an emergency quantity that you just designate, which could possibly be your personal quantity [or] your accomplice’s quantity. And when it’s in that mode, it features mainly as a watch and it’s an emergency system. And you’ll set hours for utilization. So let’s say you don’t need your child utilizing the watch in the course of the day whereas they’re in school. You might set it in order that they will solely have the total use of it from like 3: 00 p.m. to eight: 00 p.m. or one thing day by day. After which, the cellphone has extra performance than the watch. It’s bought music; it’s bought extra contacts. They will ship textual content messages, [and] they will make calls. However they can not set up Instagram and different social media apps on the cellphone. It’s simply not potential to try this with the Gabb cellphone. So this has change into a fairly in style possibility for lots of oldsters.

And the watch can also be a well-liked possibility for youthful children. Whereas within the case the place you don’t essentially need your youngster having full entry to a cellphone but, however you do need them to have the ability to make calls, which you are able to do with the Gabb watch to the ten contacts which are preloaded that the dad and mom can load, and to have the ability to ship easy emoji-based textual content messages or pre-configured messages. So you might have a set of pre-configured messages which you can decide and write and cargo into the watch. So that they could possibly be like “I’m on my manner residence” or “are you able to come choose me up” or one thing like that. After which the child can simply select from these pre-configured messages. After which the child can even file a voice memo or voice message that shall be despatched to you as a textual content message, however it would present up as an audio recording. So I feel that’s a extremely nice starter possibility.

We’re once more, on the time of this recording, contemplating that for our 10-year-old. We’re not prepared for a cellphone, even a Gabb cellphone for her. However we’re contemplating a watch, and there’s a variety of controls and I feel [it] supplies a number of the profit[s] of with the ability to take part in social interplay. A few of her associates have already got telephones. Definitely, a variety of them have watches or issues like that, and she or he needs to have the ability to name them or talk with them. And after I suppose again by myself childhood and my spouse, we each discuss this. By the point we have been 10 or 11, we have been utilizing our landlines to name associates. And we have been capable of talk with them in that manner. Most individuals now don’t have landlines, and that’s actually not an possibility. So if we would like our youngsters to have the ability to name their associates and talk with them in that manner, then one thing like a Gabb watch, which allows that however doesn’t enable most of the extra dangerous elements of know-how for youthful children, like entry to social media, which may be a extremely good compromise for lots of various dad and mom and youngsters.

How A lot Time Ought to You Enable Your Child to Interact with the Display?

The final precept or query is simply merely how a lot time do you have to enable your child to be engaged with the display screen? It is a very private alternative. And, after all, it depends upon all of the variables that we talked about earlier than. And in the event you ask 10 specialists, psychologists, and individuals who research this and write about it and discuss it quite a bit, you’re going to get 10 totally different solutions. So there’s nothing common right here. And once more, I feel it relies upon quite a bit on the youngsters’ temperament. The analysis is fairly clear that younger children below the age of two ought to not likely have any display screen time in any respect. So all this Child Mozart stuff, and generally after I exit to a restaurant, and I see a household with a one-year-old, propped up on a excessive chair with a cellphone on their little tray in entrance of them, I cringe as a result of there’s a variety of proof that means that that’s not useful and is dangerous for the neurodevelopment, mind growth of youngsters that age.

As children begin to become old, the vary of potential display screen time that specialists recommend will get broader and broader once more, relying on who you hearken to. In our case, we actually need our daughter to be spending as a lot time interacting with the actual bodily world as potential, which suggests being exterior, staying energetic, [and] enjoying with associates in individual. After which issues like studying books, making artwork, [and] enjoying music. We really feel that these sorts of actions are greatest for her mind growth, for her social growth, [and] for her growth as a human being. We wish her to have an expertise of life that’s primarily unmediated by know-how. We wish her to have time for reverie and contemplation. We wish her to really feel bored as a result of as I’ve simply talked about earlier than and written about earlier than, boredom is definitely a precondition for creativity and innovation. Having the ability to tolerate these moments the place you don’t know what to do, you’re not engaged in a selected exercise, and also you begin to really feel that sensation that we consult with as boredom, a number of the richest and most unpredictable experiences can come out of that.

And one of many issues that considerations me most about these applied sciences that we now have entry to, for adults and youngsters, is that if we wish to, we are able to fully keep away from that have. These experiences of boredom, these quiet moments the place we would simply gaze out the window, and we go into that default mode community the place we’re unconsciously reviewing our lives and our experiences, and that’s producing new concepts and new views. I feel that sort of time is completely important to being human, and I’m involved that there are whole generations now which are being raised with these applied sciences, which might basically fully obliterate that point. So let’s say you’re in line on the retailer, and also you is likely to be in a state of affairs the place you’d have these sorts of moments, however you’ll be able to simply whip out your cellphone and see what’s new. Equally, in the event you’re driving in a automobile, like many people did once we have been children simply searching the window, at this level, so many children are simply watching a video or on their cellphone within the automobile. Actually anytime there’s any feeling of discomfort or simply house at multi function’s life, we are able to have a look at our cellphone. And I feel that the harms of this should not even absolutely understood but and received’t be for a while. However I’m fairly alarmed by it. And I see it in each adults and youngsters.

I used to be simply at a restaurant the opposite day, and there was a household, and your entire household was on their telephones for your entire time. And there have been moments the place somebody would put their cellphone down after which type of go searching, see that different folks have been on their telephones, and choose it up once more. There have been moments the place you can see somebody going via [an] inner, or at the very least I used to be projecting that they have been going via an inner course of the place they’re like, “Okay, I most likely shouldn’t be utilizing my cellphone as a lot.” So that they put the cellphone down. However then, a pair [of] moments go, some discomfort arises, [and] they choose up the cellphone once more. And I don’t imply to evaluate or to name this specific household out as a result of all of us battle with this, together with me. But it surely’s an indicator for me of the place we’re at on this planet that we’re residing in. And I feel that if we have been, let’s say, to move ourselves from 30 or 40 years in the past, previous to the arrival of those applied sciences, and journey into the longer term, after which simply be a passive observer standing in that restaurant taking a look at what’s occurring, we might have been horrified and shocked. It could have been like a foul sci-fi film, the place we see that that’s the character of human interplay now, and even simply [our] relationship with ourselves is totally interfered with by these applied sciences.

And I really feel like we’ve been the proverbial frogs within the boiling water, the place these modifications have taken place shortly however not in a single day. I don’t suppose we’re even absolutely conscious of how dramatically they’ve interfered with our lives. And in the event you consider that thought experiment the place you go from 30 or 40 years in the past, these of us who have been sufficiently old to recollect what life was like earlier than these applied sciences, and also you quick ahead shortly, it could be a surprising change. So we positively fall on the tip of the spectrum of limiting entry to those applied sciences and wanting our daughter to have vital durations of time the place she’s not interacting with them in any respect. And that’s true on a day-to-day foundation. But it surely’s additionally true on a extra prolonged timeframe. I’ve talked about this quite a bit earlier than, however we do digital, full screen-free occasions as a household. We’ve been worse on this within the pandemic, however previous to that, Sundays have been sacred screen-free days for everyone. After which we might do extra prolonged durations; in the summertime, we’ll usually do a multi-day rafting journey or a backcountry journey the place we’re simply in nature, and we’re not interacting with telephones or screens in any respect.

And I can let you know that even when our daughter was youthful than she is now, on the finish of these journeys, she would specific that she didn’t wish to go away these environments. So even at a younger age, [she] was capable of expertise how totally different life feels once you’re in that sort of very important important relationship to the bodily world, to nature, to different folks. And she or he would say issues like, “Poppa, I don’t wish to go away the river,” which is a fairly highly effective expression of our personal innate data of what’s good for us. And I feel it’s actually necessary to carve out screen-free occasions each day, extra prolonged durations on a weekly or month-to-month foundation, after which, longer chunks of time perhaps on an annual or semiannual foundation, the place your children and you aren’t experiencing life mediated by a display screen as a result of it has change into such a dominant expertise for many of us.

All proper, so these are my present ideas. I hope this has been useful. And once more, I wish to emphasize how this can be a residing respiration course of. We’ve modified and proceed to vary our method. For instance, proper now, we’re not likely doing a lot display screen time in any respect each day for our daughter. We have now a household film night time on Saturday nights, and she or he’s bought perhaps a half-hour, an hour on one or two different days in the course of the week, relying on the week. However we’ve had different occasions the place she had an hour a day, and will watch a film or do another stuff. However we’re simply continuously monitoring it, seeing the way it’s working for her, for our household after which making modifications accordingly. So I might positively invite you to do the identical; it does require extra thought course of, extra dialogue. It turns into a bigger matter of dialog. However I feel it’s actually necessary to try this.

When to Focus on Accountable Use of Tech with Your Children

The second factor about that that I might recommend is together with your youngster, as soon as they’re sufficiently old, in these conversations. We’ve talked quite a bit with our daughter concerning the impacts of those applied sciences. She’s even watched The Social Dilemma; she was a bit younger for it when she noticed it, however we actually needed her to see it. I’ve talked to her about my work and research about know-how and display screen dependancy. She’s very effectively conscious of all of that stuff. And that doesn’t imply that she nonetheless doesn’t wish to use these applied sciences. After all, that’s not going to vary her wishes. All that stuff is working on an mental degree; she understands it on an mental degree, however her wishes and impulses for these applied sciences are coming from a decrease a part of the mind and a part of very deep human wishes to work together with different folks socially and be a part of one thing, and so on. So don’t anticipate to elucidate this stuff to your children after which have them abruptly change their habits. That doesn’t work for many adults, so we are able to’t anticipate it to work for teenagers.

Nonetheless, I feel it is very important embody them within the dialog. And I feel you’ll discover that once you try this, you’ll hear your children in varied contexts mentioning, perhaps to different folks and even to you, issues that you just’ve shared with them up to now, and that’s an indicator that they’re taking it in in some type or capability. All proper. That’s it for right now, everybody. Thanks for listening. Please hold sending in your inquiries to ChrisKresser.com/podcastquestion, and we’ll discuss to you subsequent time.

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